Here, we studied the inhibitory receptor Siglec-11 that shows uniquely human expression in brain microglia and engages endogenous polysialic acid to suppress inflammation. While inhibitory receptors dampen cellular activation by recognizing self-associated molecules, the functions of activating counterparts are less clear. Paired immune receptors display near-identical extracellular ligand-binding regions but have intracellular sequences with opposing signaling functions.
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